I know F-15's have managed to make verticle ascents faster than sound when testing ASAT missiles. As far as being the first aircraft with that capability I do not know. There were several aircraft before F-15 with the necessary thrust to weight ratio to do so. (Several of them Russian, as F-15 was first US aircraft with verticle acceleration capability). I would have to do some research to find out exactly what aircraft did so first.The question is are we talking verticle ascent with or without weapons load? F-15 could do so only with 2 missiles, I suspect it would be similar for most other aircraft.
The only aircraft I know of that can do so with a full weapons loadout is the F-22 due to aerodynamics. I wouldn't put the capability beyond some of the russian aircraft though.